Medical References

Study suggests physicians interpreting screening ECGs of young athletes should be trained appropriately.

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Electrocardiogram (ECG) Interpretation in Athletes is a recommended free online course for physicians.

Epidemiology and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children. The resuscitation outcomes consortium epistry-cardiac arrest: Atkins et al; Circulation 2009; 119:  1481-1491. Link

Sudden death in young competitive athletes.  Clinical demographic & pathological profiles:  Maron et al: JAMA  1996; 276:  199-204.  Link (demonstrates the failure of current methods of screenings).

Sudden deaths in young competive athletes.  Analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006:  Maron et al; Circulation 2009; 119: 1085-1092. Link

Incidence of sudden cardiac death in national collegiate athletic association athletes:  Harmon et al; Circulation 2011; 1594-1600. Link

Electrocardiogrphic screening in athletes:  The time is now for universal screening:  Papadakis et al; British Journal of Sports Medicine 2009; 43:  663-668.

Pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for the prevention of sudden cardiac death:  Corrado et al; J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008; 52:  1981-1989.  Link

Strategies for the prevention of sudden cardiac death during sports:  Corrado et al; European Journal of Cardiovasular Prevention & Rehabilitation 2011; 18:197.  Link

Clinical Review:  Preparticipation screenig for cardiovascular abnormalities in young competitive athletes:  Papadakis et al; British Medical Journal 2008; 337:  al596. Link

Cost-effectiveness of prep-participation screening for prevention of sudden cardiac death in young adults:  Wheeler et al; Annals of Internal Medicine 2010; 152:  276-286. Link

Cost and yield of adding electrocardiography to history and physical in screening Division I intercollegiate athletes:  A 5-year experience: Malhotra et al; Heart Rhythm 2010; 8:  721-727. Link

ECG screening of young adults:  A low cost model:  Marek el al;  ACC 2011; A1096 E143. PDF

Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a pre participation screening program: Corrado et al;  Journal of American Medical Association 2006; 296:  1593-1601.  PDF

Cardiovascular screening in college athletes with and without electrocardiography:  Baggish et al; Annals of Internal Medicine 2010; 152: 269-275.  PDF

A pilot study of the feasibility of heart screening for sudden cardiac arrest in healthy children: Vetter et al; American Heart Journal  2011; 10: 1-7.e.3. PDF

36th Bethesda Conference:  eligibility recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities:  Maron et al; J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005; 45:2-63. PDF

Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease.  A consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology, and the Working Group of Myocardial and pericardial disease of the European Society of Cardiology:  Pelliccia et al; Eur. Heart J.  2005; 26: 1422-45.

Can computer generated ECG interpretations be relied upon when performing large scale ECG screening of young adult athletes?  Marek et al; ACC 2011; A9108.E381.  PDF

National electrocardiography screening for competitive athletes:  Feasible in the United States?  Maron et al; Annals of Internal Med. 2010; 152:  324-326. Editorial

Electrocardiography and preparticipation screening of competitive high school athletes:  Marek; Annals of Internal Med.  2010; 153:131-132. Letter

Electrocardiography and preparticipation screening of competitive high school athletes:  Pelliccia et al; Annals of Internal Med.  2010; 153:132. Letter

Electrocardiography and preparticiaption screening of competitive high school athletes:  Maron; Annals of Internal Med.  2010; 153: 132-133. Response